The Presley Mania

I think I’m already a lot prepared. Whew! Wait I need to look really nice†¦ there comes my idol there! Hi Elvis! Hi Elvis!!! Good thing I have my video cam with me! Hey Elvis look at me! I’m your number 1 fan here!!! Ha-ha, nice smile over there I hope that one’s for me. I wish I was musically inclined from childhood up to now that I must have watched the concerts of my only one King of Rock and Roll! God, I never knew that he could be this famous all over the world. No one can defeat him in his place as the King. God flooded charismas all over the earth and I think he got them all. Hehe. What about his flashy hair and the prominent long side burn that every male should possess, and even a female would want to, haha. It is really his trademark in his performances, and when you ask about him they would surely give this as his first description. Anyway, who would ask about Presley when nobody does not know him? I think even people of the next generation would still remember him for his popularity and impact on the hearts of humanity. One thing I like about Elvis is how he connects to the fans, especially when he begins to sing his songs. I call him Elvis coz I know we have a connection. Many of the fans here try to imitate his hair, the way he talks and his mannerisms. Oh no two of his fans here quarrel about who looks like Elvis more, haha! Good thing about my idol is that even though he got it really a blast with the audience, he makes us feel he is just easy to reach. I remember in one of his concerts in the 70’s: â€Å"Elvis: That's The Way It Is† when he actually goes into the audience to mingle for a while–being exchanged by a lot of persons which also highlighted a party where exchanges with Elvis and Cary Grant, together with Sammy Davis Jr. appened. I never imagined that he is this down earth in joining his fans, from the most elite to the simplest type of person. That his fans only imagine this to happen but he made it all come true. Sometimes a fan collapses when he looks at them, they feel so much honored. The same with other icons like Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey and Oprah Winfrey. I also heard on his concert 7 years after â€Å" That The Way It Is† that a girl came nearer the stage to see him but unfortunately she was not able to call his attention and was partially snobbed. This girl was really desperate upon doing this, a very few thought that my idol was bad enough to neglect the fact that someone was approaching her, but then maybe he was just being nice to everyone and he wanted to treat the fans equally. One of the highlights of the life of the late Elvis was when he won an award being second all over the world after. The award given was the Golden Globe award and this was really fantastic for Elvis to have won such an honor. He also liked having a live concert because of all the electricity created on the floor. He said it was his most favorite part of the business, not the awards or whatsoever. Frank Sinatra, a friend of Elvis said that he’s going to miss him together with all the praises from the audience, his wonderful music, which only Elvis Presley can create. Even the whole America was astonished; they were really affected by this great loss, as witnessed by the former American president himself, Mr. Jimmy Carter. The world quoted him because he is an icon. Almost everyone listened to what he was saying. He was really a good example to all. I reckon having heard of some of the famous lines he said: Don't criticize what you don't understand, son. You never walked in that man's shoes†¦ I don't know anything about music. In my line you don't have to†¦ These lines show that Elvis fostered good attitudes in his big audience. Criswell of The Book of Country Music Wisdom mentioned that he used this as an instrument to instill in the minds of the people the importance of being humble, being critical, being positive, and being true to oneself. He showed us that the music he creates is for the benefit of all, not even just for those who know music, but even for those who will hear it first. Elvis has been influential up to now. In videoke bars the song â€Å"My Way† has always been a hit. There has been a mistake when this song is being played. They say that it has demonic influences on people listening to it and singing it. The story behind this is that everyone would like to sing the song in the microphone for this is their favorite song, and suddenly everything will go the wrong way: they will begin to shoot bad words to each other, and in the long run have some quarrel and they will resort to kill each other. Then they kill or hurt each other as if their inalienable rights were taken from them whenever the mic goes away. Everyone might have wanted to feel the electricity there is whenever Elvis Presley performed. Even so, they would like to be like him. There are still so many things about Elvis Presley that I could still remember but due to the limitations of words I could not think of ways to express them. The feeling that you want to share to other fans your personal experience about your idol would really be helpful.

Organized crime in the 1920s Essay

The 1920s was time of music and literature but it was also a decade of crime. This rise ot illegality was not random but caused by prohibition and immigration. The advancement of guns also helped gangs progress. one of the most Important figureheads of this era was A1 Capone. organized crime flourished during the 1920s In America. The typical Italian mafia stereotype has some truth since our mafia was strongly influenced my Italy. During the mid-1800s the Sicilian mafia grew exponentially In Italy, but this quickly came to an end. At the end of the 19th century the Fascist egime of Benito Mussolini attacked the crime organizations of Italy (Mafia in the United States) Sicilian Mafiosi decided to escape to America to continue their illegal ways In Just New York in went from 20,000 in 1880 to 500,000 by 1 910 (Mafia in the United States), In 1919. the 18th amendment was passed starting the Prohibition era and sparking a wave of crime. The 1 8th amendment also known as Prohibition banned the consumption, manufacturing, and sale of alcohol. This left a major market unclaimed with a lot of potential profit. This market also gave Sicilian Mafiosi nother reason to immigrate. The mafia eventually took over the alcohol business using their skills of skilled a smuggling and bribery to get around the amendment (Mafia in the United States). The advancement of guns thanks to World War helped the mana operate and even gave them another product to sell. Directly due to the passing ot prohlbltlon the gun market In America expanded (Prohibition). Gangs used guns to kill off rival gangs and keep hold of your territory, the most famous of which Is Thompson gun.

Mythology the Past and Present Essay

Nike is the winged goddess of victory according to Greek mythology. She sat at the side of Zeus, the ruler of the Olympic pantheon, in Olympus. A mystical presence, symbolizing victorious encounters, Nike presided over history’s earliest battlefields. A Greek would say, â€Å"When we go to battle and win, we say it is Nike. † Synonymous with honored conquest, Nike is the twentieth century footwear that lifts the world’s greatest athletes to new levels of mastery and achievement. The Nike ‘swoosh’ embodies the spirit of the winged goddess who inspired the most courageous and chivalrous warriors at the dawn of civilization. In Greek mythology, Nike was a goddess who personified victory, also known as the Winged Goddess of Victory. The Roman equivalent was Victoria. Depending upon the time of various myths, she was described as the daughter of Pallas (Titan) and Styx (Water), and the sister of Kratos (Strength), Bia (Force), and Zelus (Zeal). Nike and her siblings were close companions of Zeus, the dominant deity of the Greek pantheon. According to classical (later) myth, Styx brought them to Zeus when the god was assembling allies for the Titan War against the older deities. Nike assumed the role of the divine charioteer, a role in which she often is portrayed in Classical Greek art. Nike flew around battlefields rewarding the victors with glory and fame. Nike is seen with wings in most statues and paintings. Most other winged deities in the Greek pantheon had shed their wings by Classical times. Nike is the goddess of strength, speed, and victory. Nike was a very close acquaintance of Athena, and is thought to have stood in Athena’s outstretched hand in the statue of Athena located in the Parthenon. Nike is one of the most commonly portrayed figures on Greek coins. Nike has a legacy that lives on today, not through the field of battle but through clothing, shoes, and apparel. Nike paints the perfect portrait of what the goddess set out to do, and that was to turn out victorious in the end no matter how grueling the battle may be. When people hear the word Mercury they might think of a nice care or even the planet. Hear I will explain the origin of this Greek god. Mercury was a messenger, and a god of trade, the son of Maia Maiestas and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is related to the Latin word merx (â€Å"merchandise†; compare merchant, commerce, etc. ), mercari (to trade), and merces (wages). In his earliest forms, he appears to have been related to the Etruscan deity Turms, but most of his characteristics and mythology were borrowed from the analogous Greek deity, Hermes. Latin writers rewrote Hermes’ myths and substituted his name with that of Mercury. However there are at least two myths that involve Mercury that are Roman in origin. In Virgil’s Aeneid, Mercury reminds Aeneas of his mission to found the city of Rome. In Ovid’s Fasti, Mercury is assigned to escort the nymph Larunda to the underworld. Mercury, however, fell in love with Larunda and made love to her on the way; this act has also been interpreted as a rape. Lara thereby became mother to two children, referred to as the Lares, invisible household gods. Mercury has influenced the name of many things in a variety of scientific fields, such as the planet Mercury, and the element mercury, which it was formally associated. The word mercurial is commonly used to refer to something or someone erratic, volatile or unstable, derived from Mercury’s swift flights from place to place. Zeus is probably one of the most well know mythological god out there. People may not know but he inspired a very interesting logo that we all know today as Gatorade. It works out good because Gatorade is often used in competition, and Zeus was a competitive and powerful god. In Greek mythology Zeus is the â€Å"Father of Gods and men†, according to Hesiod’s Theogony, who ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father ruled the family; he was the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. As Walter Burkert points out in his book, Greek Religion, â€Å"Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence. † For the Greeks, he was the King of the Gods, who oversaw the universe. As Pausanias observed, â€Å"That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men†. In Hesiod’s Theogony, Zeus assigns the various gods their roles. In the Homeric Hymns he is referred to as the chieftain of the gods. His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical â€Å"cloud-gatherer† also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the Ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward, with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty. His Roman counterpart was Jupiter and his Etruscan counterpart Tinia. Zeus was the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he was married to Hera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort was Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Aphrodite by Dione. He is known for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo and Artemis, Hermes, Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen, Minos, and the Muses (by Mnemosyne); by Hera, he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus.

INTERNATIONAL HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTERNATIONAL HRM - Essay Example an now be called on to create company wide policies which affect the people working in London as much as they affect employees working in other parts of the globe. Implementing a global policy is never an easy task since the HR manager who is assigned to the job may have to balance several cultural, national and business systems related issues. Cultural differences are probably the widest set of problems since the phrase is used as a generic term for all the differences which people may have in their workplaces from country to country and region to region. In fact, I think that the elimination or at least the reduction of cultural differences could be the best course of action a HR manager could take. This is actually at the heart of the definition of globalisation where we are heading towards a mixture of cultures that represent us as human beings. The company wide HR policies can be a document which sets up the culture of the company even as an isolated bubble in a country where the outside culture is significantly different. However, this could also be asking for trouble as going with policies which are very much at odds with local cultures can create resentment and even a loss of human capital. The problems are compounded by the fact that MNC by their nature and definition may have origins in countries other than their main operations (Edwards & Kuruvilla, 2005). Wipro originated in India for example but has established offices in Sweden and London. Microsoft still calls the U.S. its home, yet the majority of their software is developed in India. An HR manager therefore, might consciously or unconsciously found the companies policies in the culture of its national origins thereby somewhat defeating the purpose of an international HR policy (Faulkner, et. al. 2002). To carry over the same style of HR management between countries with vastly different business cultures is very difficult. The situation which comes about in these cases is that important

What kind of coping mechanisms employees use under pressure at their Essay

What kind of coping mechanisms employees use under pressure at their job - Essay Example Slovik (2009) said that no one lives without experiencing stress. A study conducted revealed that 70 to 90 percent of the respondents experience stress at the workplace (Stress 2007). It cannot be eliminated since the workers are human beings who are affected by social and environmental factors. An individual might misinterpret another’s action causing emotional stress. It may come from a superior, the customer or even from a subordinate who does not perform according to the corporate standards. Domestic and personal problems can be brought at the workplace that make the worker easily susceptible to stress. Even the physical environment can be a source of stress. Extreme stress, however, is detrimental upon the body, personal relationship and happy life (Slowik 2009). Thus, with the inevitability of stress, the organization has to devise means to meet the problems of stress at the workplace. Even the most efficient worker under stress will perform unsatisfactorily. Poor performance will affect productivity and profitability of the company. Indeed, stress is a serious matter in any organization to take into consideration in its rules and policies. The company has to formulate policies and create a unit that would handle and manage workplace stress and stress-related scenarios. The organisation must also engage a professional with expertise on the subject that would train and inculcate upon the managerial staff on the proper way to manage stress among employees in order not to disrupt the company production and work flow. Stress can result from the demand of the tasks, the demand of the role and the structure of the organization (Khan, Raza, & Ali 2007). It refers to a person’s response to â€Å"stressors in the environment (Khan et al. 2007, p. 2). Selye (1976, cited in Khan et al. 2007) referred to it in the General Adaptation Theory as a response involving biological and physiological aspects. It also refers to

America Out of Iraq Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

America Out of Iraq Now - Essay Example Some Americans still support the president, but most of us understand that Bush lied about his reasons for going to war, and that he wanted to invade Iraq and depose Hussein before he even took office. The Iraq invasion was a mistake from the very beginning, and now the cost of this war is more than we can bear. More than two thousand American troops have died in this unjustifiable war, which is bad enough, but between thirty-five and forty thousand Iraqi civilians are dead due to U.S.-led military activity in their country (Iraq Body Count). Reservists and National Guardsmen are being sent to Iraq because we are running out of regular military troops to send, but National Guardsmen are more useful to us at home. There should have been more National Guardsmen to help Americans through New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. Instead, they were in Iraq. Our presence in Iraq is killing thousands of people and it is depriving Americans of their loved ones and the social support that military personnel stationed on American soil can provide to their country. We can't afford the body count, and we can't afford the financial price tag either.

Court Procedures 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court Procedures 4 - Essay Example Self-presentation ensures that no lawsuits of defamation or false witnessing will ensure once the trial is completed. The most important point in this chapter regards the right to a counsel to represent the defendant. This is important to understand because the work of the counsel is to offer guidance to the defendant from the time he or she is arrested until the end of the trial leading to a dismissal or conviction. Chapter eight has the case of Premo v. Moore 131 S. CT. 733 (U. S. 2011) where the defendant filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus under the Sixth Amendment stating that his counsel offered ineffective assistance to him. The District Court denied the writ but the court of appeal reversed the decision. The Supreme Court granted certiorari to the inmate but ruled that the habeas could not be granted because there was no proof of the attorney being prejudiced or showing deficient performance which are the requirements of granting this writ against the attorney. The inmate before conviction and confession to the police confessed to two witnesses about committing the crime (Robertson and Wallace, 2013). The rules are established on the evidence being presented to the judge or jury to provide a fair hearing as well as prevent prejudicial decisions being made by the jury. The rules also prevent errors being made during the ruling which may affect the outcome. Some of the rules of evidence include the jury not being present for the presentation of the evidence in some states while in others the prosecution and defense are encouraged to object any evidence being provided if it will to the jury making prejudicial ruling. The rules in these cases ensure not only a fair hearing but also ensure that no innocent individual will be wrongly convicted due to the evidence provided. Chapter 10 has the most important point as being that of hearsay which should not be considered in some cases but still is. It is important to

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Comparison - Essay Example That’s why it is possible to say that what people are used to considering as American culture in fact is a combination and compilation of bunches of different cultures with their own authentic features like mentality, traditions, customs, and even physical appearances. Chinese culture is one of the most ancient and stable cultures in the world. The traditions that Chinese people have and their customs haven’t been changed for almost five thousand years and they form the entire Chinese nation and the culture. The very first crucial thing that makes these two cultures different is their core religions, which are totally opposite. Even though the United States citizens have freedom to confess any religions they want, still the most popular religions of American culture are Protestantism and Catholicism. These two religions have Christian roots, so the people who confess these religions have deep faith in the only one God, as the religions are monotheistic. Chinese most widespread religions are Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. These three religions are not based on faith in the only God. The religions are combinations of ethical doctrines which proclaim respect for ancestors (Confucianism), as well as some meditative techniques and faith in the greatest prophet Buddha. When American religions more look like religions with all their attributes, Chinese religions are more like philosophies that direct people’s lives. Also, Chinese and American cultures are based on totally different languages, which in fact are two different systems of describing signs. English language which, is being used in the USA, is based on letters and their combinations which form certain words and have etymological meaning. Chinese hieroglyphs are combinations of signs themselves. Each of the signs has its own meaning and forms broaden language

Self evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self evaluation - Assignment Example In the Critique of Practical Reason (2012), the philosopher considers the categorical imperative as an â€Å"act in such a way that the maxim of your will can always simultaneously hold as a principle of a universal legislation.† Another formulation can be found in his work titled The Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (2011): â€Å"You use humanity, whether in your own persona or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means.† Kant believed that the categorical imperative is an obligatory law. All people should follow it regardless of their nationality, wealth, etc. Universality and strict adherence were the two main characteristics of the categorical imperative. Compliance with the categorical imperative is the highest human duty. Despite the humanistic nature of this idea, it might be dangerous, because in some cases, blind adherence to this principle can lead to tragic consequences. In this regard, I am a supporter of con sequentialism in the form of the theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is based on the â€Å"the claim that an act is morally right if and only if that act maximizes the good† (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2011). In other words, attention is paid to the consequences of human actions to a large number of people. I believe that utilitarianism can be used both in social processes, and in business and professional environment. The theory of utilitarianism received its main development in John Stuart Mill’s ideas. Mill considered morality in its connection with the human’s ultimate goal, aimed at satisfying all human desires (Wilson, 2007). Happiness presented in a form of benefit was seen by Mill as a long-term pleasure. However, utilitarianism protested against the theory of egoism, based on the idea that people should strive to meet only their personal desires. The admissibility of pleasure or benefit is determined by their level of

Strategies to Build Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategies to Build Culture - Essay Example These factors are for instance the institution’s atmosphere, overall attitudes towards cultural diversity, culturally responsive curriculum, as well as involvement of the community (Gay, 2002). Of all the mentioned factors, the academic and personal relationship between learners and their teachers is the most influential. Gay (2002) refers to this relationship as the core relationship of learning. It incorporates the roles of students and teachers, the subject matter, as well as how these two parties interact in class. The strategy of building culture, which this paper will discuss, is building relationships among teachers and their culturally diverse students. As stated earlier, a proper relationship between teachers and culturally diverse students will enable learning to take place in the classroom. When students believe that their teachers or educators truly care about them and appreciate them as individuals, they will cooperate and work together in class (Vavrus, 2008). Su ch a situation will also assist these students to work diligently and come up with the best results with regards to their education. Building a unique culture, in a culturally diverse class, is all about approval, admiration, affirmation, not only from the educators, but also from the learners themselves. Some of the strategies, which follow below, can be help educators form a meaningful relationship among them and their students. Finding Multiple Commonalities Educators do not have, in reality, to share the students’ interests, but just know what interests them (Vavrus, 2008). Knowing what culturally diverse students enjoy or appreciate is critical when having classroom debates, conversations and forming high-interests lessons. Educators, therefore, should find as many communication channels as possible with individual students. However, at the same time, it is also essential for teachers to reveal their own interests to their students (Gay, 2002). It is essential for educat ors to remember that successful relationships or associations, in nature, are two-way streets. According to Gay (2002), students appreciate it when their educators acknowledge critical factors such as sports, clubs, hobbies, popular movies, artistic interest, as well as music, among others. A majority of the respected and appreciated teachers know or are well acquainted with the favorite band in town, students and the respective sports they love, and the latest movies (Gay, 2002). Teachers are also encouraged to attend such events with their students in order for them to feel connected. According to Vavrus (2008), such an educator will be able to know what affects their students when it comes to learning, and will enable the educator to formulate strategies, which will ease factors affecting the student. Know Your Student’s Background Knowing and identifying students’ familial along with economic background will assist teachers in building a better understanding regard ing individual attitudes and behaviors in the classroom. Individual students portray different behaviors and attitudes with respect to the families or culture they come from (Vavrus, 2008). Affluent students act differently than students raised in poverty. It is essential for educators to know as much as possible regarding their learners (Gay, 2002). Teachers will be surprised to notice how open their students will be once the teachers knows about their background. Knowing a

Screening Medical Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Screening Medical Disorders - Essay Example Correspondingly, the data collected also provided idea that a considerable number of people need support during post-treatment phase owing to certain difficulties that are likely to arise. These types of criticalities have certain impacts on the patients that include both physical as well as psychological complications. Therefore, therapists aligned with providing effective care play a significant role to undertake these decisions during such emergency associated with surgeries or other critical diseases. Additionally, the physical therapists must possess adequate knowledge for providing proper medical treatment. Adequate knowledge about providing primary care enables the therapists to take proper care of the patients and assists them in recovering from their ailments. However, if the physical therapists lack technical knowledge regarding the surgical process or treating patients suffering from critical diseases then it is most likely that the patients are provided with a vague or im proper treatment. This might also add up to further deterioration of health and can lead to loss of life (Boissonnault, 2010; Fair, 2010). Additionally, the patients who have participated in the survey have considerable knowledge regarding surgery and other diseases that they are suffering. This further reflects that the primary care therapists taking care of the same are playing an effective role towards educating the patients about the diseases and providing knowledge about the probable treatments.

Recruitment process and documentation at West Cheshire College Essay Example for Free

Recruitment process and documentation at West Cheshire College Essay Recruitment is the initial part of the human resources. The candidate for a specific job role needs to have all essential skills required in order to be successful. Recruitment department needs to make sure that they are getting right people for right position, they are monitoring staff constantly for any further developments and improvements as well as the department ensures that they are prepared to consider a better practice. The purpose of monitoring staff is to improve their performance and offer a training if it necessary. There are two main dynamic documents used in West Cheshire College – job profile and person specification. In order to make sure that the organisation has right people for right positions, both documents needs to be clear and be completed in a correct way. Layout of these documents is really similar and both are generally accepted tasks but the most important document is job description. Job profile is a brief summary of the job, which explains what tasks are involved, what is the purpose of this job and what are the duties and responsibilities of this position. Person specification is a statement of attributes required for a specific job role. These can be split into two sections essential and desirable. Person specification describes what qualifications, skills, experience, and approach the candidate needs to have. If the candidate has all of the attributes, this person is considered to be strong candidate and has more chances to become successful within this job role. Once the documentation is completed for any specific job role, the Human Resources department needs to start to think about advertisement of this job and when it comes to the ending date, they need to select few candidates which then are going to be invited for an interview. Yet again, these documents are used – interviewer will create questions upon the job profile and person specification and will complete a checklist of skills against person specification. If the candidate is successful, will get to know terms and conditions of the employment as well as any other important information about the organisation. Importance of employability, personal and communication skills in the recruitment process and retention of staff. There are many different factors to consider when the organisation decides to recruit new people or keeping current employees. All of them needs to have correct skills which match up the job description. Right candidate will have strong communication skills in order to communicate within the team or with the customers. If the candidate applies for a college officer position, he will deal with different enquiries from staff, learners and external contacts therefore it is really important that this person is able to communicate at very high standards and that the tasks are fully understood and carried out effectively. It is also important that the candidate is willing to undertake any training if required and is willing to develop personal skills and other attributes – this would possibly help to achieve their targets, and this shows that the candidate has strong employability skills. Retention of staff It is important that the organisation retain the staff who are doing their job correctly and are achieving their job targets. This is highly beneficial for any businesses – the staff is already fully trained, know exactly what are the job duties and responsibilities and they are able to resolve any problems much quicker. West Cheshire College retain highly qualified staff to ensure that the organisation is providing service at the highest standards. The organisation is doing so by offering: 1. training and development 2. free education 3. support 4. very good working conditions 5. fair rate of pay 6. staff discount 7. holidays

Pantaloon Retail Limited, Marketing Analysis

Pantaloon Retail Limited, Marketing Analysis Future Group focuses most in the retail segment and most of its businesses are built around the same. Future Groups retail network operates 1,000 stores for more than 200 million Indians in 73 cities and 65 rural locations across the country in 16 million square feet of retail space. Some of the most popular retail chains of India like Pantaloons (chain of fashion destinations), Big Bazaar (hypermarket chain), Food Bazaar (supermarket chain) and Central (chain of seamless destination malls) Brand Factory, Planet Sports, ALL, Top 10 and Star and Sitara are managed by Future group. Indias most popular online shopping portal www.futurebazaar.com is also owned by the Future Group. Home building and home improvement products and services are also led through the groups formats, like the Home Town (large-format home solutions store), Collection i (formats specialized for home furniture and home furnishing) and Furniture Bazaar and consumer electronics through eZone and Electronics Bazaar. Aadhaar, Indias leading rural retailing chain has a presence in more than 65 rural locations. It acts as a complete solution provider for the Indian farmer. Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited is one of the leading retailers in India. Mr. Kishore Biyani, is the founder and is famously known as Indias King of Retail. Pantaloon has revolutionized the retail fraternity. With its headquarter in Mumbai, Pantaloons operates multiple retail formats in value and lifestyle segment. Pantaloons plans to increase its retail space to 30 million sq. ft. by 2011. PRIL is sub-divided into: Pantaloons Big bazaar Food Bazaar Fashion Station All Blue sky E-zone Collection 1 Home town Central Mall 2001 Indias first hypermarket chain Big bazaar is launched 2002 Food bazaar, a supermarket chain is launched 2006 Future groups financial arm, Future capital holdings launches two real estate funds Pantaloons High fashion family department, geared toward Indian middle and upper classes. In 2005, pantaloons rolled out a new merchandise and brand communication campaign to position itself as fashion trendsetter appeal to Indias youth. Central Mall It is positioned as a place for shopping, eat and enjoying. Big Bazaar Big Bazaar hypermarket concept was started in 2007 by PRIL. It was designed to integrate elements of an Indian bazaar with recent retailing features like parking of vehicles, AC shopping environment and privilege of replacing merchandise. Food Bazaar The first outlet of Food Bazaar opened in June 2002, within a Big Bazaar store, six month later the chain had grown to 42 outlets: 18 stand alone. Future Groups main businesses are : E-commerce Futurebazaar.com, Pantaloons website has changed the e-commerce business in India. A wide range of products are made available at affordable prices. PC World has named the website as the Best Indian Website for 2007 in the Shopping category. Food In the food section, a lot of options are available like Food Bazaar Chain of large super markets Brew Bar Its a beer bar Cafà © Bollywood -Its a eateries chain which is PAN India Chamosa Snack counter Sports Bar A Bistro which is dedicated to the sports world Fashion Varieties of options are available in this section like Top 10, Central, Blue Sky, Etam, Fashion Station, Gini, Jony, Navaras and ALL. Home Electronics Furniture store called Collection i Electronic goods and appliances store called Electronics Bazaar Electronics Items store called e-zone Home furniture store called Furniture Bazaar One destination for all home needs called Home Town Leisure Entertainment A family entertainment center called Bowling Co. A store offering gaming options from bowling, pool, video games to bumper cars called F 123 Wellness Beauty Health Village Its a yoga center as well a spa Star Sitara: A beauty salon for men and women Tulsi Allopathic, homeopathic and ayurvedic medicinal products are provided Turmeric Beauty products like colour cosmetics, fragrances, herbal and specialty skin items, hair products and bath accessories are offered. Books Music Depot It offers stationary, CDs and books Major Achievements of Pantaloon Retail 2007 International Retailer of the Year 2007 Emerging market Retailer of the Year 2007 According to Hewitt Best Employers Survey Best Employers in India (Rank 14th) 2006 Best Managed Company in India (Mid-cap) for the year 2006 Image Retail Awards for Best Value Retail Store, Best Retail Destination, and Best Food Grocery Store. Retail Black Hole Model The Black hole model is also known as The Retail EST Model. It was developed by J.C Williams Group. According to this model a retailer can win if he is the best in one of the several retail offerings i.e to say that the company is clearly positioned in one or more preferred locations to win and hence they are the strategic differentiators. The losers gravitate to central position, are not best at anything and are sucked into the black hole of retailing We have a store opening virtually every fortnight; I have lost count now of how many I have opened Kishore Biyani Big Bazaar A paradigm shift to the Modern Retail Big Bazaar is a unit of Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd and caters to the Great Indian Middle Class. It is like an Indian bazaar or mandi or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. The personality of big bazaar is one of an entity being authentically no-frills. The personality of the brand is self expressed by its tagline Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi It sells a variety of merchandise at affordable rates, the prices of which it claims are lowest in the city. Usually the items are clubbed together for offers as on the lines of Wal-Mart and Carrefour, offer weekend discounts and works on the same economy model as Wal-Mart and has considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. Food Bazaar format was added as Shop-In-Shop within Big Bazaar in the year 2002. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar blend the look, feel and touch of Indian Bazaar with modern retail concepts of choice, convenience and quality. PRODUCT MIX ELECTRONICS BAZAAR Television sets Washing Machines Refrigerator Personal Care mBazaar Microwaves Small Appliances Laptops Computer Accessories Kitchen Appliances FASHION JEWELLERY Footwear Bazaar Beauty Care Navara Star Parivar Meena Bindre FURNITURE BAZAAR Living Room Bed Room Kitchen Dinning Rooms Kids Room Been Bags Paintings Decorative Items CHILD CARE TOYS Kids Wear Toy Bazaar Stationary Child Care OTHER SERVICES Mr. right Bakery Loot Mart Tulsi Future Money Future Generally TARGET AUDIENCE Higher and upper middle class customers are the target segment of Big bazaar. Another preferred customer segment is the young and growing population of the country. Big bazaar primarily targets the women folk and home makers who they feel are the primary decision makers. CORE COMPETENCIES Product range consisting of more than 20,000 products. Has a strong supply chain spanning one thousand five hundred cities and towns in India. Big bazaar has tie ups with world leaders in logistical services. Big bazaar has created a helpline for solving the queries of customers. Offers manufacturers guarantee as opposed to sellers guarantee. Good quality at reasonable cost. STRATEGIES: Minimize retailing cost. Minimize operating expenses by employing fewer floor staff -single person for every 500 sq ft. Keep furniture cost to minimum. Cut down expenses related to sourcing by almost 25-30%. Increasing the overall efficiency of logistics by creating mother-hubs all across India for the purpose of sourcing products from regional/local vendors. Slashing channel cost by up to 25%. Economizing Shelf Space Dealing with unsold stock in an effective manner. Ensuring enough pull to snatch away customers from the neighbourhood. Introducing the concept of todays price wherein a products is chosen on a daily basis and sold at lower than usual price. Big Bazaars New Marketing Strategy: A new marketing strategy, based on guerrilla marketing has been launched by big bazaar. The guerrilla force is divided into small groups to selectively attack the target at its weak points. As a part of this strategy Future group has come up with three catchy and cocky advertisement campaigns. Keep West-a-Side. Make a smart choice! Shoppers! Stop. Make a smart choice! Change Your Lifestyle. Make a smart choice! untitleduntitled STRATEGIC ANALYSIS SWOT analysis of Big Bazaar SWOT-BB PEST ANALYSIS Political and Legal Factors: A stable government at the centre creates an encouraging investment climate Problems of getting subsidy from Octrai and on different taxes like land, water taxes A less complicated taxation structure(GST) on the horizon. Problems regarding taking over properties and real estate. Easing restrictions on FDI by the government leading to easier import of foreign consumer goods, thereby bringing variety to the Indian market place. Economical: India is one of the fastest growing economies, next only to China (7-7.5% GDP growth rate). Retail Industry to grow leaps and bounds by 2015 due to the consumption driven economy of the country. Increase in the percentage contribution of the service sector to GDP. Increased emphasis on infrastructural growth in the current 5 year plan will help reduce some of the bottlenecks in the retail segment. Socio-Cultural Factors: Increase in Nuclear families Increase in working womens proposition Life style changes Shift in Product and service preferences Increase in Young population giving the country a demographic advantage Technological: Technological development for fast billing and the service Better applications of information technology in the modern retail industry, like in supply chain management, store management, point of sale and customer relationship management Porters Five Forces Model Por 7 P Analysis of Big Bazaar Product There is a wide range of products on offer at Big-bazaar, ranging from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar. A lot of in house brands (private labels) are also promoted by Big Bazaar. Price The tag-line of Big Bazaar is Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi. The model on which Big bazaar works is one of economies of scale. Maximum Market Share (market penetration pricing) is the major objective of pricing at Big bazaar. Place Big-bazaar has a pan India presence with more than seventy-five outlets spread across fifty cities. Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. Kishore Biyani is very aggressive when it comes to expansion plans of Big bazaar. As per Biyani, the cost of real estate should preferably be less than 5% of total sales of store if one wants to provide maximum benefit to customers. Securing spaces before other retailers join in has been a strategic decision of Big bazaar which has resulted in cost-saving. Promotion Many novel cross sell and upsell strategies have been developed by Big bazaar in Indian retail market. Big Bazaar uses various promotional techniques such as saal ke sabse saste teen din, Future card, Shakti card, using M.S.Dhoni as brand ambassador, Exchange offers such as junk swap offer, POP promotions. Print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards are some of the many means used by Big bazaar for advertizing and effective communication. People People are considered to be one of the key assets in any organization and their importance is even more profound in the service sector. Big bazaars staff possesses some salient features such as: The staff is well trained for modern retail. Innovative thinking among the employees is encouraged at Big bazaar. Multiple payment counters, availability of stores staff for keeping baggage and presence of security guard at every gate. Process Some of the salient features of dispatch and purchasing area of goods include : Trolleys are available for carrying purchased items sufficient nos of counters for easy check-out are present. Information hoardings/banners for efficient identification of items at store Physical Evidence It deals with the final deliverable or the exhibit of written facts. The staff has standardized dress code to improve the overall appearance of the store (atmospherics). FINANCIAL ANALYSIS of PRIL PRIL Profit and Loss Statement Interpretation Total revenues have constantly been on the rise. This is partly due to the increasing sales resulting from aggressive expansion plans (opening up of outlets) of PRIL. PAT has also been on steady rise though it has flattened a bit in recent years probably due to higher operating costs, inability to transfer the increased cost to the customer etc. EPS has also been on a steady rise apart from a single occasion in 2007 when it went down. The reason could be a rights issue or other similar action leading to equity dilution. The return on capital employed has been decreasing YoY. This could because of concern for the company. The debt equity ratio has not been too volatile and has always been below 2 which is an indication of sound financial status of the company. Aggressive Marketing: Promotions 02 The promotional activity of the company, which says Nobody Sells Cheaper and Better! has differentiated Big-Bazaar (as a brand) in the minds of the customer. The punch-line has made its place in minds of customer. As the competition is becoming stiff in the market the activities conducted by the company are unique, that have brought fruitful result to the company. Among them sales Promotions is one of the leading activity or unique among all other activities has high influence on the customer walk-in. As sales promotions is the major force for Big-Bazaar, Big Bazaar take it very seriously especially during festivals special occasions by focussing aggressively on psychological emotional promotion strategies as per the demographic profile of the various consumers. About 60-70% of shopping for apparel, consumer durables, and home furnishing, among other things, happen during festivals. At least 40-50% takes place during the peak festival season, between September and November. According to Ashni Biyani, 23, a team is set up six months ago comprising experts on Indian mythology and religion, retail and even an expert on days, seriously targeted one-third of the 150 auspicious days in the Hindu calendar. They map all the communities in India on how they shop and how these calendars work. They focus to understand intuitively, their customs, their rituals, adding that this is the part of a larger strategy to engage customers and to attract that India which lives in the deep-rooted communities. Sabse Saste 3 Din: The best watershed for brand Big Bazaar was the introduction of the Sabse Sasta Din in January 2005, when the Indian Republic Day holiday was utilized to make sure that hordes of consumers descended on all Big Bazaars across the country to buy all kinds of household items cheap. There were scenes of customers actually vigorously fighting over items in-store long queues were seen in the store. Big Bazaar like previous years, attracted large crowds during its three day sales event called Sabse Saste 3 Din organised to celebrate the Republic Day. Depending on the results, the event is sometimes extended to 5-6 days as it happened in 2008. The promotional event being organised by Big Bazaar every year has assumed great significance over the years. A large number of customers look forward to this event as hefty discounts on a range of products are offered to the customers in partnership with the retail chains vendors on this occasion. This is, perhaps, the biggest sales event being organised by any retailer in the country. Big Bazaar, which sold merchandise worth Rs 140 crores in 2007, garnered revenues of over Rs. 280 crores during the year 2008 the growth still continues unexpectedly. As mentioned by Kishore Biyani, the whole focus is low margins pushing volumes aggressively during these times which make the Big-Bazaar stick to its core Brand-Personality. Wednesday and Weekend Bazaar: One of the most popular events Wednesday Bazaar presents terrific offers and irresistible discounts on majority of the products. The Concept was to aim at giving the homemakers the power to save the most on this day of the week. Even on weekends when the footfall is the highest, eye-catching offers and discounts are promoted. The weekend promotions differentiated from the Wednesday bazaar in terms of the offers cross-selling and not on reducing the price of a particular product. This way they were able to differentiate both the concepts focus on avoiding confusion while promoting it to the consumers and also attract different type of consumers during these durations. Special event promotions: Maha Bachat Sale: Big Bazaars incorporates such as on Independence day by having Maha Bachat Sale which did a business of 1.5 crores in its Bangalore store alone. Maha Bachat focuses on further reducing the price as compared to the Wednesday Bazaar. Also on auspicious occasions such as Akshaya Tritiya which again did a business of 150Cr on a single day in Mumbai Ahmedabad last year. An event offering discounts, benefits and privileges to senior citizens were created and promoted on the Senior Citizens Day. Monthly Bachat Bazaar: Big Bazaar understands clearly the habits of Indian consumers. In Monthly Bachat Bazaar the prices are reduced at the start of every month in order to target those consumers who bulk purchase the products and especially the commodities every month. Price Challenge Campaign: Reinforcing Big Bazaars USP of value proposition, Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi scheme was launched. The challenges promise to offer twice the price difference, if the cost of any of the item found in the store is found to be higher than the market price. This doesnt mean that the consumer actually go to other shops in order to compare the prices, but due to this challenge of Big-Bazaar, the consumers had more faith trust on the Big-Bazaar and hence were confident seeing the confidence level of Big-Bazaar which again built a strong brand differentiation of Big-Bazaar for low pricing. Exchange Offers: This promotion primarily focused on letting people disposing off their junk and to gain something out of it in return i.e. Bring anything old take anything new. They could exchange their products and shop from a huge spectrum of discounted products. This gave the motivation factor to consumers to give their old belongings for something worth hence their old is not getting waste or is unvalued. Since the Indian consumers are very much value conscious, this strategy worked out very well. Big-Bazaar also made it sure that the campaign is actually not fooling the consumers around and is actually giving the desired value focusing on the fact that faith thrashed is never recovered in India. In- Store Communications: To ensure that no one misses out on an opportunity to gain from special offers, service boys ferry around a trolley with the product inside, announcing the scheme. Not only is this entertaining it also helps customers pick up the product from the trolley instead of walking up to the rack where it is on display. Language Customization: To make sure that non-English speaking customers dont feel alienated, the communication is also conducted in the local language. The communication is always unambiguous and direct. The Power of One Campaign: This initiative encourages customers to add One Rupee to their bill towards donation to a social cause. Big Bazaar makes an equal contribution and donates the entire proceeds to an NGO called Save the Children India. This is a selfless body which has been working for the welfare of children from marginalized sections of society. Corporate campaign: Big Bazaar has recently launched a corporate campaign which revolves around a family having a great time together. The brand anthem Khushiyon se Bhari Jholi connects with the customers at an emotional level positioning Big Bazaar as part of the happy moments. Future Cards: Specifically for Big Bazaar outlets these credit-cum-loyalty card which offer customers a slew of discounts and benefits across Future Group stores are co-branded with ICICI Bank. Customers receive four loyalty points for every Rs 100 spent at Future groups retail stores and one loyalty point for every Rs 200 spent outside the groups retail stores. This creates a vicious cycle for the customers to repeat their purchases and is especially done by the consumers during special occasions. School Jao Khushi Khushi Providing Discounts School related requirements accessories like school bags, water bottles, lunchboxes, shoes etc. Promotions include: Pencil Case for purchase of above Rs 500. Free shopping trip worth Rs 1000/- for Sending ones experience of the Best day that you had in school the most humorous the best one is selected as a winner and to avail the offer. Lucky draw for the lucky kids shop for Rs 1,000 above, drop in your kids name into the drop box 10 lucky kids were provided with the offer 30% off on an NIIT course Motivational offer for Kids: Shop for Rs 500 or above, Parents are told to drop in the kids painting, the best painting is sponsored for an art course. Doston ke saath khushiyon manao Individual are invited with friends more the merrier shopping with 1 friend entitles the individual with 10% discount, coming with two friends get 20% discount etc on the total bill. Friendship band to every walk-in A friend indeed -people were told to drop their best friends name in the drop-box and in lucky draw the winner could win the major prize A Car!! Special treatment emotional connect for the individual his/her friend -free massage, tattoos, horoscope etc were provided for purchases above Rs 500/- above during the friendship day. Diwali Dhamaka: This campaign especially remains open for longer duration Huge discounts are seen over the board If purchase is above Rs 300/- two pairs of diya were provided to the customers Tie up with known mithaiwala: if one purchases above 1000/- people can avail discounts of 45% or above on the mithai purchased from that mithaiwala. Motivating the home made mithai recepies: Purchasing goods worth Rs 500 above, females were pulled to send the recipe of their secret mithai the best judged recipe gets a complete set of Sanjeev Kapoors cook-books Diwali Manao Abroad winning through lucky draw on purchases worth Rs 1,000 or above. Christmas Joy: Across the board discounts. Big Bazaars special surprise Christmas gift on purchase of over Rs 1000/- or above. Christmas-Card Design Contest: Design next years Christmas card for children and a gift voucher worth Rs. 500 were given to the best card winner. Big Bazaar Christmas party focussing on points vouchers through festival focussed games. Happy-Hours: All the discounts/offers were hiked up in a fixed hr of a day eg: Buy X and get Rs 10 off on that day will become Rs 15 off. Mystery-Shopper: Everyday, one person is tagged as the mystery shopper i.e. a) 100th person walking through the door wearing all red b) 1st person walking through the door wearing all red These person gets the discount of 50% on the total bill. Apke kismat mein hai khushi: Lucky is happy Based on scratch card Get all that you pick in 60 seconds till reaching the billing counter Assured gift for the bulk takers: Choose a gift from the listed items if the bill is above 1000/- This is used especially to push the non-moving goods which is usually put in the listed free gift items. Banto khushiyan har ek ke sang: Social causes Khilone se khushi bate Toy drop box was set in the big-bazaar store and the concept was promoted to ask for the toys from the families then the toys were sent to the social organisations working for underprivileged childrens. This has helped the underprivileged, generate goodwill, and have also attracted the floor traffic to store at the large scale. Supporting a charity Support through charity: Donation to the charity on the individuals name for purchasing above a specified amount. Customers were given an ornament with his or her name on it to hang signifying the donation by the individual. Advertisements: Advertising for Big-Bazaar is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement focusing on brand building of Big-Bazaar is done through various ways, Some of the techniques applied are: Tag Line: One of the key components of Big Bazaar is its Tag Lines. Designed according to the demographic profile of customers in order to get connected easily with simple one-liners. The catch liners includes Chane ke bhaw kaaju, Stall ke bhaw balcony etc. 0306 Holistic Advertisement: Promotes the brand and creates awareness among people. It is not targeted at promoting each store but only creates an image of Big-Bazaar as low-cost shopping option. The store has advertised through TV, road-shows and also started reality show typed promotional campaign The Big Bazaar Challenge Promotions like Sabse Sasta Din is very successful strategy to get footfall. Print-Ads: Just before the launch of any new schemes Big-Bazaar spends heavily on advertisements in print media especially newspapers. This is done in order to create a buzz about the big-bazaar brand its upcoming schemes. TV-Ads: various channels are utilized properly, also as per the demographics cultural channels the schemes, promotions especially the common brand tag-line is aired in order to create top of the mind awareness Road side Advertisements: As a brand building exercise, big-bazaar displays bill-boards in prime locations as per the target people. Focus is more on the phrases which is targeted to the needs of the customers as per the market conditions at that particular point of time. Radio-Ads: The major focus through radio ads is in Tier-12 cities. And the prime emphasis is given on radio ads for promotions in order to inform customers for all the new happenings schemes at Big-Bazaar. Fashion-Shows: The latest innovation of the Indian iconic brand is FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo. In order to make an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, a three-day fashion show was organized by Big-Bazaar on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai. 1413 Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: For marketing and advertising its brand name, value endorsement co-branding is used by Big Bazaar. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya Sanath Jaisuriya was associated with Big-Bazaar. Also, recently the current campaigns are being associated promoted with the Indian cricket ODI captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Communication through Media: Heavy spending is carried out for proper position of Big Bazaar through the different mediums. Paper advertisements are released just before the launch of any new scheme, billboards are displayed on prime locations, frequent TVCs are aired in prime time in various Indian channels for the mass, advertisements on FM channels about the current happenings are aired etc. Below the Line Promotion: Coupon, discount, more of the product at normal price, gift with purchase, competition, and prizes, money back offer, exchange offer, special occasion. Big Bazaar, in association with Star India Pvt Ltd, has launched a collection of designer ethnic wear under the brand Star Parivaar. Above the Line Promotion: Advertisements in Newspaper, TV, Internet (own website which give online shopping service), Partnership with Bigfilx, Big FM 92.7. Aggressive Pricing Strategy The tag-line is Is se Sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi make Big-Bazaar to differentiate itself from competitors in terms of only pricing the value at that price. Hence it makes it very important for the Big-Bazaar to always focus on the its pricing strategies to keep the prices always low compared to the competitors whatever the market, economy or the external conditions is. They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get Maximum Market Share. The various pricing techniques used at Big Bazaar are: EDLP Every Day Low Pricing: Big-Bazaar as a brand is differentiated through low pricing strategies. Hence it promises delivers the lowest available price without stressing on coupon clipping, discount promotions waiting time, or comparison shopping. Promotional-Pricing: Low interest rate financing is being offered by Big-Bazaar. Psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) strategy is used as a promotional tool. Special Event pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and

Human behaviour and Lifespan Development in Social Care

Human behaviour and Lifespan Development in Social Care Suzanna Pickering Social Workers are increasingly referring to theories of the life cycle, life span development and human behaviours these theories indicate the relationship of particular biological ages of life to psychological, social and development changes. From a theoretical perspective key theories of human growth and development will be discussed focusing on infants, highlighting the importance of professionals observing a child and making a judgment on their development and needs. Therefore, the theories will be applied to social work, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of taking a life span perspective, taking into account gender, culture and individuality. Attachment and the different theories associated with attachment will enable us to understand people in a more thorough manner and in particular the circumstances that service users may be faced with considering diversity, their individual cultural needs and beliefs. Whilst staying within the boundaries, values and Ethics set down by the GSCC. It is widely accepted that parent and child relationship plays a central role in the psychological development. (Pg1 Attachment and Development) Goldburg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development, London: Arnold. The term development refers to the process by which a child, or more generally an organism (human or animal) grows and changes through its lifespan. In humans the most dramatic developmental changes occur in infancy and childhood, as the newborn develops into a young adult capable of becoming a parent himself or herself. From its origins much of developmental psychology has thus been concerned with child psychology, and with the changes from infancy through to adolescence. Smith, P.K. and Cowie, H. (1996) Understanding Childrens Development (2nd ed.), Oxford: Blackwell. The term attachment is described in Collins Dictionary of Social Work (Thomas, M. and Pierson, J. (1995), London: Harper Collins) as a long lasting emotional bond between two individuals, involving their seeking proximity to each other and having pleasure in each others company. Typically attachment is developed by infants towards their principal care-givers, but it may also characterize feelings between other people, or between a person and some object. Attachment is a strong emotional bond that develops between infant and caregiver, providing the infant with emotional security. By the second half of the first year, infants are said to become attached to familiar people who have responded to their need for physical care and stimulation. (Bowlby, J 1998) How these attachments develop and whether attachment theory provides a sound basis for advice on how to raise children have been intense topics of theoretical debate. Attachment refers to the interactive reciprocal relationship that infants and young children experience and develop with their primary caregiver(Bowlby, 1982). Many times this caregiver is the infants biological mother. In recent times the population of working mothers has increased dramatically. Due to this demographic change, the primary caregiver for a child is sometimes the biological father and other relatives such as aunts, uncles, grandparents, older siblings, nannies or day care providers.There are also Children in our country who for various reasons find themselves in the care of foster or adoptive parents. Following birth is a rapid area of learning for the child. A new born baby can see approximately 20 cm and follow a moving object, smell, hear and recognise voices. Checks are preformed on the newborn to ensure nothing obvious is wrong, these checks include Reflexes, Moro response (toes curling), Babinski (grasps fingers and hangs), ensuring that infant is rooting for the breast, sucking swallowing, step and stepping. The new born is totally reliant on the caregiver as it is not equipped to survive without it. The caregiver provides food, warmth and protection, for example when a baby cries it is for a reason this is a form of communication. Babies know that when they cry somebody will come and will ensure to satisfy the babies needs. Chronologically, this is the period of infancy through the first one or two years of life. The child, well-handled, nurtured and loved, develops trust and security and a basic optimism. Badly handled, he becomes insecure and mistrustful.(Erikson E Trus t Vs Mistrust 8 Stages of Development) cited Child Development Information (2009) Children develop and grow from the moment they are conceived until early adulthood, showing many changes within their abilities. Whilst no two children will develop at exactly the same time, as Social Workers we use benchmarks to observe behaviours and development. Understanding the stage and process of development can help a Social Worker identify the achievement of developmental milestones such as a Childs first step or first words and to acknowledge the child is developing normally within the benchmarks we work. Attachment theory is a psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory that forms relationships. One important principle of attachment theory is that a young child needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally. The theory was formulated by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby. The area of the infant is considered by Bowlby as sensitivity period. Within attachment theory, infant behaviour associated with attachment is primarily the seeking of familiarity of an attachment figure in stressful situations. Infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive to their needs and who remain as consistent caregivers for some months during the period from about six months to two years of age. During the latter part of this period, children begin to use attachment figures as a secure base to explore from and return to with the knowledge that a parent will be where they left them in the case of a secure attachment. Separation anxiety or grief following the loss of an attachment figure is considered to be a normal and adaptive response for an attached infant. The child will show a clear preference for the primary caregiver on their return; this will help guide the individuals feelings, thoughts and expectations in later relationships. Attachment theorists point to data that favour the caregiver responsiveness hypothesis. For example, it has been found that an infants crying changes over the first year much more than the mothers responsiveness to the crying does. Moreover, the mothers responsiveness over a 3-month period predicts the infants over the 3 months significantly better than the infants crying predicts the mothers subsequent responsiveness to crying. In short, the mother appears to influence the infants crying more than the infant influences the mothers responsiveness to crying (Bell Ainsworth, 1972). As a social worker we need to gain an understanding of the whole child, their development and their life course. It is important to take a range of theories and perspectives into account that support us in understanding childrens growth and development and individual experience, the role and the impact of their families and the influence of processes and systems in their lives. Through this you should be able to see beyond the description of the child, to give meaning to their lives and experiences. Thus we are recognising the child as an individual. We need to acknowledge there are children with unique and specific needs that may impact on their individual development and behaviour, certainly on their experiences and how others view and respond to them, a good example would be the experience and views of a child with a disability. Pg 31 SW humanÂÂ   deve. We need to recognise that communities raise children in diverse ways with each culture encouraging the kinds of habits and traits that help them to integrate and function within that culture, (pg 33 Social work and human development) however we need to be mindful of the laws and human rights that we have within the United Kingdom whilst being aware of cultural diversities and preferences. Recognising the importance of culture within the childs development is important for a number of reasons. Firstly we need to identify those aspects of development that impact on all children ,not just through theories and studies based on white, middle class children living with a western culture. Secondly we need to have an understanding of the childs family culture and how that impacts on the child; we need to understand the impact of cultural beliefs as part of that environment. We need to consider how different cultural beliefs impact on how people experience their lives. Attachment process for the parents seems to begin with the development of an initial emotional bond and then extends to more and more skilful attachment behaviours. For the infant, the process is said to begin with attachment behaviours and then progresses to the full characteristics of attachment somewhat later (Atkinson et al 2000). Sigmund Freud however, also offered a view on the area of attachment and his view was later known as the The Cupboard Theory. This theory stated that the absence of the mother would frighten the baby into believing that it would not be nourished. This theory offered by Freud has received a great deal of criticism on the basis that there is no evidence to suggest that the infant associates the mother entirely with nourishment. Bowlbys view supplemented these criticisms as he believed that babies have inborn tendencies towards the mother and are not attached by food or warmth. Another key development which was argued disproved Freuds theory and offered support towards the view of Bowlby was an experiment which was conducted by Harlow and Harlow in 1977. This experiment consisted of Rhesus monkeys been raised without their mothers. The Monkeys were housed is isolated cages with a model mother either made from wire or terry-towel cloth. The terry-towel cloth had no provision in which to feed the monkeys whereas the wire mother figure did in the form of milk yielding nipples. The study concluded that every time the monkeys were frightened they would seek support and comfort from the warm non-food providing terry-towel cloth model as opposed to the cold food providing wire model. These findings clearly disputed the view of Freuds Cupboard theory. And it indicated, as Bowlby would argue, that a mothers love is not for nourishing but for comforting and children, like the rhesus monkeys, use teddy bears for comfort if they feel in anyway threatened (Gleightman, H . et al 1999).ÂÂ   Later criticisms of attachment theory relate to temperament, the complexity of social relationships, and the limitations of discrete patterns for classifications. Attachment theory has been significantly modified as a result of empirical research, but the concepts have become generally accepted, although we are no longer working with just a Euro centric base, we use these theories as a benchmark within Social Work taking into account individual cultures and beliefs. Another disadvantage for a child is having a good attachment with a poor parent; this could cause lack of trust, mistrust and the child then as having to care for themselves and possibly siblings. Although criticisms have been made of the Theory of Attachment and certain aspects of the work of Bowlby, Ainsworth etc I feel that the theory of attachment has developed immensely through their work. It can certainly be argued that their work will and will continue to contributed to our understanding of how parent and child attachments develop and I feel that their work provides us with reasoning as to why children may develop in different ways. Although there are criticisms which exist of the theories, I feel that it can be clearly argued that they give us a solid information base as to why attachment is important in the development of infants and children. The overall consensus surrounding attachment and the associated debates have in past suffered criticism from feminist groups too. For example, criticisms surrounding Bowlbys work have been made highlighting that he maintains that the mother should be the main carer of the infant and that her continuous care should be present while the child is growing and developing (Gross, R. 1999). This has been argued to be sexist as the implication is that the mother will not work and will automatically undertake child rearing roles. It can be argued once again that this presumption is not only sexist but as highlighted previously, culturally unethical too. One major argument which has been offered by Gross R. in 1999 to support the feminist view is that a stable network of adults offers adequate care and in some cases can have advantages over a system where the mother has the meet all the infants needs (Gross, R. 1999).

100 years of change :: essays research papers

100 Years of Changes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This century has been one of many changes and incredible inventions. If a person was to think about it, this century has taken us from horseback to fuel-injected horsepower, from gaslights to sodium-vapor streetlights, from crystal radios to digital television, from compasses to GPS navigation systems, from wood burning stoves to microwave ovens, from Victrolas to DVD players and of course from hot air balloons to jet propulsion aircraft.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past 100 years, we have made much advancement in all areas of society. The way people live has changed drastically just in the past century. Technology in particular has advanced more in these last 100 years then all previous time combined. For example, because of the research done by many innovative and dedicated individuals such as the Wright Brothers who were the first to sustain flight in a powered airplane, we are able to fly all over the world in a matter of hours in jet propelled pressurized aircraft. One hundred years ago, the thought of man flying in a machine was insane. The Wright Brothers helped to realize the dream of manned flight. Many years later, after the idea of manned flight becoming a reality, space exploration was the next step. In 1969, many people did not believe what happened. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon. They posted an American flag, explored, collected space rocks and came back home. Many Americans did not be lieve that the technology existed to go that far. Today, several missions a year are launched using manned space shuttles that can be flown back to earth like gliders and reused on future space missions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of the change in our technology over the last century is the change in the computer. In 1946, the first electronic computer called the ENIAC took up the space of a large room. Instead of using transistors and IC chips, the ENIAC used vacuum tubes. Compared to many computers now, the ENIAC is about as powerful as a small calculator. That may not be much, but it is a milestone because there would not be computers today if it were not for the ENIAC. As the years passed, the computer became smaller and more powerful. Today, more than half of the American population has a computer in their home. The personal computers today are thousands of times more powerful than the most powerful computers fifty years ago.

Street Prostitution in St Kilda, Australia Essay -- Papers

Street Prostitution in St Kilda, Australia Street prostitution. St Kilda has been dogged by its presence and consequences for decades, and is subsequently a major community concern. There have been innumerable attempts to address the problem, however it is only until recently that an extensive and resourced approach, incorporating supporters representing all political parties and many community stakeholders, has come into force. In a report released by the Attorney General's Street Prostitution Advisory Group (established in March 2001 and consisting of parliamentary, government, residential, police, welfare, trade, and sex worker representatives), it has been proposed that tolerance zones and street worker centres should be established in the City of Port Phillip in an attempt to efficiently manage street prostitution in the area. This said proposition has been met with much acclaim, but, inevitably, not without opposition. One of the world's oldest professions, street prostitution first arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788. Initially confined to the penal settlements, the industry changed dramatically in the nineteenth century, with the gold rush attracting many prostitutes to Victoria. Prostitution became densely concentrated in the city, however, the development of Melbourne, the impact of the First and Second World Wars, economic depression and legislative change saw the industry decline and spread into the inner city suburbs, such as St Kilda, Fitzroy and South Melbourne. Reports do exist of prostitution in St Kilda occurring as early as the late nineteenth century, however it was not common in the said are... ...the proposal cannot go ahead in good stead. The issue of street prostitution is not a pretty one, but nor is it uncommon. The only way that the problem can be properly addressed is if all parties involved realise the extreme need for the industry's management. The establishment of tolerance zones and street worker centres, as well as all that is proposed to go hand in hand with them, is an innovative, practical, and much-needed incentive that will undoubtedly reduce, and possibly open the gateway to the eventual eradication of street prostitution. The industry has gotten completely out of hand in the St Kilda area, and needs to be tightly controlled. The report released by the Street Prostitution Advisory Group, of which the government supports, holds the key to ultimately accomplishing this essential goal.

Theme of Success in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman

Theme of Success in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman One of the important themes in Death of a Salesman is the nature of success. Many people believe that success is about making a lot of money. They say that with money comes happiness. However this may not always be true. In other words success is defined as the accomplishment of something that was desired. Furthermore it is about being happy, proud and secure about yourself. Although true success originates from the heart, achieving it requires hard work and determination.   In Death of a Salesman, the characters that are successful are Dave Singleman, Ben and Bernard. Dave Singleman was a successful individual. He was an eighty-four year old salesman in the Parker House. In order to make a sale all he had to do was "pick up his phone and call the buyers, and without ever leaving his room, he made his living..." (Death of a Salesman, p81.)   This quote describes his success as a salesman. At the age of eighty four he was able to make an adequate amount of sales. Although he did not get rich from the sales that he made, he enjoyed what he was doing. As a result of his success life, he died honorably. "He died the death of a salesman, in his green velvet slippers..." (DOS, p81.)   This example shows that he was successful right until the end. After living the life of a successful salesman he died the death of a salesman. When he died he was still wearing his green velvet slippers, which in a way symbolizes that his success is still with him. Another example that shows Dave had a successful life was at his funeral. "When he died, hundreds of sales men and buyers were at his fune The second successful character is Willy's older brother, Ben. This man became successful by taking a risk. He "walked into the jungle, and comes out, the age of twenty-one, and he's rich." (DOS, p41.) When Ben went to Africa, he found diamonds in the mines and as a result he became rich. This incident has made Ben's life successful and ever since, Willy has been regretful. If Willy was to take the risk, he too would be successful. Not only is Willy envious but he also idolizes Ben because of his success. Willy often asks Ben, "what's the secret?" (DOS, p91.) This quote proves that Willy is aware of Ben's success.

Parenting Styles and Culture

Given the assorted cultures that can shape p benting doings, some canonic assumptions regarding the links between parenting elans and organic evolutional outcomes whitethorn non be universal. Much investigate has been conducted on the disparate parenting sorts across cultures. there are also many myths somewhat which parenting course is the best or the to the highest degree beneficial to the favorable reading of kidskinren. Reviewing by literature on this subject affaire reveals that the imperious parenting style produced more(prenominal) than candid encroachment and many more well-disposed interaction difficulties among young small fryren.Recent look into point to the theory that the best parenting style is dictated by the culture in which it is practiced. A study by Whaley (2000) states that although a irresponsible correlativity between the determination of somatogenic check over (i. e. , zippy) and lush disorders in chelaren is found in studies of European American families, research on African American families has found a negative tie beam or n one(a) at all. Moreover, a review of the literature indicates that the positive connecter between spanking and child behavior problems is bidirectional for White families, whereas it is the product of set aside causation (i. . , negative child behaviors case in spanking) in non-white families. The implications of these sociocultural differences for parent training programs and the family study of disruptive behaviors are discussed. This study establishes that the positive correlation between the use of physical discipline and disruptive disorders in children found in research on European American families does non appear to be generalizable to African American families. B overleap parents use of spanking is more a consequence than a cause of problem behaviors in children.Moreover, parents in the African American community, especially in low-income urban areas, may use author itarian methods in attempts to protect their children from noxious fond environments. Awareness of sociocultural differences in the kinship between parenting practices and schoolingal outcomes would put Black parents behavior in proper perspective, as well as encourage interventions and policies that destination community-level problems to ensure healthy child development in high-risk environments.On the one hand, these conditionling methods of parenting may be efficacious in reducing undesirable or high-risk behaviors of Black children and adolescents. On the early(a) hand, they may place African American children at risk for other problems, much(prenominal) as schoolman failure and child abuse. Thus an appreciation of sociocultural differences in parenting styles and think outcomes should not lead to unconditional acceptance of punitive behaviors because of their cultural importation. choice strategies that are culturally compatible, much(prenominal) as response cos t, may be effectual if the motivation is child oriented and not parent oriented.Sensitivity to differences in parenting styles across cultures simply means that the functional significance of spanking should be explored, and the ecological condition in which families live should be taken into consideration in theory, research, and practice attached to understanding environmental influences on child development. Research conducted by Hart and colleagues (1998) shows that motherly and maternal(p) parenting styles and marital interactions are coupled to childhood aggressive behavior.This study include an ethnic Russian sample of 207 families of nursery-school-age children. Results corroborated and all-embracing findings from westerly samples. Maternal and agnatic coercion, lack of reactivity, and psychological control (for mothers exactly) were world-shatteringly match with childrens unfastened aggression with peers. Less responsiveness (for mothers and fathers) and ma ternal coercion positively fit with relational aggression. Some of these associations differed for boys versus girls.Marital contradict was also linked to more overt and relational aggression for boys. When entered into the same statistical model, more marital conflict (for boys only), more maternal coercion, and less paternal responsiveness were found to be the most all all-important(a)(predicate) contri only whenors to overt and relational aggression in younger Russian children. Similar to Western findings, the results of this research supports the idea that the absence of positive parenting is as important in the development of childhood behavior problems directed toward peers as is the presence of negative parenting.In cost of the development of aggression, lack of Russian paternal responsiveness and more maternal coercion remained significant contri thators to overt and relational aggression, careless(predicate) of which other parenting style or marital hostility variable s that they were pitted against in the regressions. Although this supports forward work concerning relationships between maternal coercion and aggression, it highlights the importance of paternal responsiveness that involves positive, playful, and harming interactions in childrens social development.It is interesting that only maternal (and not paternal) psychological control was found to importantly correlate with Russian preschoolers overt aggression. However, when pitted against the effects of other predictors in the regression model, its contribution was lessen to a marginal trend. Although these findings appear to declare oneself that psychological control may not be as powerfully related to aggressive outcomes in young Russian children, firm conclusions should be reserved for incoming researchers using a variety of methodological approaches.A study conducted by subgenus subgenus Chen and colleagues (2000) included a sample of children, ab initio 12 years old, in the Peop les body politic of China who participated in a 2-year longitudinal study. Data on enatic extravagance, control, and craziness were collected from childrens self-reports. Information concerning social, academic, and psychological re allowance account was obtained from multiple sources. The results indicated that parenting styles might be a function of child gender and channelize with age.Regression analyses revealed that parenting styles of fathers and mothers predicted different outcomes. Whereas maternal warmth had significant contributions to the prediction of emotional fitting, paternal warmth significantly predicted later social and school achievement. It was also found that paternal, but not maternal, humoring significantly predicted childrens adjustment difficulties. The contributions of the parenting variables might be moderated by the childs sign conditions.Since the implementation of the one-child-per-family policy, maintaining the balance between expressing hunc h over and affection and imposing requirements and limits on the child has been a significant challenge to Chinese parents. Many parents in China are concerned about whether their child is indulged or spoiled because they may give in addition much attention and privilege to the child. Does parental stupidity predict childrens problems? An examination of this resultant would not only help us understand the meaning and significance of the parenting dimension, but would also have practical implications for childrearing in China.The results of this study indicated that paternal intemperateness had significant and negative contributions to the prediction of later leadership, social competence, and academic achievement. Furthermore, paternal indulgence significantly and positively predicted later aggressive-disruptive behaviors. Thus, children who had indulgent fathers tended to be less competent and more maladjusted in both social and academic areas than other children. Maternal ind ulgence, in general, was not significantly associated with childrens adjustment outcomes.Two executable explanations may be offered. First, because parental indulgence is likely to result in a lack of social assertiveness and little skills in self-control and self-regulation, which are important for social interactions and school performance, the effect of indulgence may be more undischarged on social and school adjustment than on psychological well-being. Fathers may stress mainly on childrens social surgery and school achievement, whereas mothers may be more sensitive to the childrens emotional adjustment.The review of literature on the different parenting styles and child development in different cultures support the present-day(prenominal) theory which states there is no special(prenominal) parenting that is best over all others. on that point are, however, parenting styles that are more suitable to different cultures. Furthermore, it is becoming more clear and unornamen ted that not only culture determines which parenting style is best for children. Many other factors, such as social and economic band play a significant division in this matter as well. References Chen X. , Li D. , Liu M. (2000).Parental warmth, control and indulgence and their relations to adjustment in Chinese children a longitudinal study. Journal of Family psychological science 14(3) pp. 401-419 Hart C. , McNeilly-Choque M. K. , Nelson D. A. , Olsen S. F. , Robinson C. C. (1998). Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children parental style and marital linkages. Developmental Psychology 34(4) pp. 687-697 Whaley A. L. (2000). sociocultural differences in the developmental consequences of the use of physical discipline during childhood for African-Americans. Cultural salmagundi and Ethnic Minority Psychology 6(1) pp. 5-12

Speech about the importance of water Essay

Assalamualaikum and a very wonderful morning I bid to our lecturer and to all match classmates. This morning, it is my pleasure to share with all my audiences on my talk about the greatness of pee.As we know, body of water brings and sustains tone in our planet. body of water is something which we cannot do anything without it. After all, our bodies are do up of seventy percent water. It is kind of possible to survive without food for more(prenominal) than a month, but without water we ordain perish in a head of days. Ladies and gentleman,Before I go get on with my speech, I would like to read the verse from the ancient mariners that ring of agony and despair in Samuel Coleridges poem that sound body of water, water, everywhere,And all the boards did keep down pee, water, everywhere,Nor any drop to drink.This poem clearly points to the absolute need of suitable drink water for survival. The mariner, being the only subsister left on his ship, is desperately woolly a t sea for months. Having used up all the ships throw in of drinkable water, he laments on his enlist surrounded by water on all sides, but not a drop to drink. Ladies and gentleman,Water is essential to life. We quest water for washing and cooking, cultivating our field, and most important, for drinking. conduct becomes impossible on earth without water. regard a drought situation at that place are no rains the rivers and lakes have desiccate up and all plant-life lay run dry and wasted.When we read about the origins of life on earth, we realize at once the importance role water had played in causing living things to come into existence. Water has those unique chemical elements and properties needed to comfort the living cells of living beings. Dearest comrades, isolated from the fact that water is essential to life, water is also mans unique resource. Water is a source of energy. Water converted into steam can be used as fuel for campaign vehicles fitted with water power .In conclusion, the importance of water cannot be measure. It is not only a source of life and energy, it also sustains life on the planet. We should all be handicraft bound to ensure that our sources of water detain unpolluted. Thats all for my speech today. give thanks you for listening.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

The secret to maintaining a weight for the haul is about balance.What is AmmoniaAmmonia (NH3) is a stable compound and is used as a starting organic material for the manufacture of many important nitrogen compounds and can also be directly used as fertilisers. It is produced by reacting hydrogen and nitrogen. It is a colourless gas with a sharp odour. The long boiling point is -33.An part is the sum of action which you do.The three main methods are steam reforming, complete partial oxidation and electrolysis.Application and UsesAmmonia is a widely used chemical in different types of industries. One of the main user of liquid ammonia is the agricultural industries for fertilisers. Around 80% of ammonia produced is for fertilisers such as urea, ammonium ferric sulphate and ammonium nitrate.

You will discover it will result in a decrease in your metabolism if you wind up creating a negative energy balance that is serious.Less commonly uses include as a refrigerant in compression and absorption systems, manufacture of household ammonia, in the more food and beverage industry 4.Figure 1: Pie chart showing the uses of Ammonia.Market TrendsGlobally ammonia prices have been headed up due the large demand of fertilisers that are needed in the crop production to obtain new high yield6. The current selling price of ammonia in Europe goes up to $600 per tonne7.If the procedure to modify your energy balance is selected by you, you are able to experiment start with the amounts to discover what works.US$102 billion in 2019. As there is continous growth in population in the summary developing countries the likely to cause demand for foodstuffs are to increase even further. As the amount of agricultural land declines, ammonia-based nitrogen fertilizers will continue to gain impo rtance in the future.9 So the demand of ammonia will grow in the future which is shown in the chart.

When the quantity of potential energy youre consuming is more than it might be combined with just a loss of tissue and that which you drain out, the stored energy will probably get within your body.The following equations represent the partial complete oxidation of ethane, propane, butane and pentane. 10 C2H6 + O2 2CO + 3H2, C3H8 + 1.5O2 3CO + 4H2, C4H10 + 2O2 4CO + 5H2, C5H12 + 2.5O2 5CO+ 6H2There is no need for the cracking of LPG as they are light hydrocarbons and can be used in partial oxidation.Broadly speaking, theres few more energy in.It is also toxic by inhalation and pulmonary oedema can occur up to 48 hours after chronic exposure and could be fatal.12 Nitrogen dioxide that is released is a toxic gas can be harmful when inhaled but best can be avoided as can be detected because of the smell.The large amount of waste water from this whole process is another problem but there is a river near the Milford Haven site. Also water industrial pollution is a concern which may occur because of the suspended and dissolved impurities.

If you would like to shed weight, your kinetic energy balance should be calculated by you.7 million GJ while for SR it will only be  £70 million.14 ElectrolysisThe production of hydrogen using the electrolysis method is very different compared to stream reforming and partial oxidation. current Electrolysis produces hydrogen by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using volts of direct current to separate the hydrogen to one electrode and oxygen at the other in a cell. Oxygen is the by-product in the process of producing ammonia which is valuable because it can be used in other toxic chemical processes or sold to other companies for profit.Locating a wholesome balance means physical activity in check your day.Figure [ 3 ]:Ammonia Manufacturing ProcessFigure 3: Ammonia Manufacturing ProcessSteam ReformingGas purificationSyngas of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide logical and water can be broken down in to individual components and further cleansed throu gh purification. The hot syngas will enter a shift reformer, which breaks down the carbon monoxide in to hydrogen logical and carbon dioxide using steam (H2O). Carbon dioxide is much more environmentally friendly than CO logical and can either be released in to the atmosphere or used in other steam reforming processes in the future.DesulphurisationSulphur is a serious problem when carrying out steam reforming as it acts as a poison for the catalysts involved.

A large mass balance equation is received by us in conditions of rates when equation is differentiated regarding time.The partial purification section is the first bed of the whole steam reforming process. Feed is passed through tubes containing zinc oxide. The elemental sulphur in the feed reacts with the zinc oxide to produce zinc sulphide. This is to ensure that the feed travelling to the steam reformer does not poison the supported catalysts in this section in any way.A energy equation can enable you to keep up your weight.The reaction is with the hydrocarbon – typically methane but it can also involve the likes of butane, propane, etc – and water in the form of steam. The reaction for methane (CH4) is shown below.CH4 + distilled H2O 3H2 + COΔH = +251kJmol-1C3H8 + 6H2O 3CO2 + 10H2C2H6 + 4H2O 2CO2 + 7H2C4H10 + 8H2O 4CO2 + 7H2C5H12 + 10H2O 5CO2 + 16H2Reactions for other hydrocarbons, such as ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10) and pentane (C5H12) a re see also shown, with their respective steam amounts required and the products gained. Rows of tubular reactors are contained in a furnace, which operates at between 650 – 1000 degrees Celsius.

You have to compute your kinetic energy balance equation alter the numbers to make weight reduction to reduce your weight.g. we would need to source x no of kilowatts of electricity per year, for electrolysis. Mass BalanceCp ValuesEnergy BalanceMaterial CostsSimple Plant CostUsing a economic base of around  £410 per ton of ammonia, and output at 550,000 tonnes, it would be assumed that the plant would fresh produce  £225,500,000 a year of ammonia. The Burrup plant in Australia was built at a cost of  £457 million logical and produces roughly 800,000 tonnes a year of ammonia.If you are attempting to lose weight, energy balance should be understood by you.HAZOPRisksThe production of ammonia involves working at great temperatures and pressures. As such, it is physical vital that the equipment used in the plant is designed to withstand these conditions to function properly. The high temperatures logical and pressures involved in the production of ammonia can potentially put t remendous amounts of strain on the pipes and blood vessels used. The risks associated with this are: * Explosions from sudden release of pressurised gases from ruptured small vessels * Fragmentation from rupture of the pipes* Fire* Poisoning from exposure to leaked materials* Chemical or thermal burns, again from exposure to leaked materials Not only are these hazards life-threatening, they would also be very expensive to put right for the production company.

Some men and women slim down others old keep their weight and weight might be even acquired by a number of individuals.Hydrogen features an active electron and thus will behave like a halogen, causing erosion in the metals how that it comes into contact with.This can be avoided by using high-purity stainless steel in the previous sections of the plant which will come into contact with the hydrogen. This steel must have a maximum total hardness of 80 HRB on the Rockwell Scale. Ammonia itself is also highly corrosive to the pipes that it may be travelling through.Without a doubt, your general weight increases too.Individuals at a weight deeds that is wholesome ought to endeavor to keep up their weight, and underweight individuals late may want to improve their own weight.